The Cardiovascular system

Name:
(printed, last name first)
Bio 145: A & P II
Spring 2023
Homework #1 – The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
1. ________ Which of the following is false with regard to a serous membrane? (A) it is always wet,
(B) it forms a two layer “sack” around some organs,
(C) it includes endothelium,
(D) its primary
function is reducing friction,
(E) none of the above, these are all true.
2. ________ When the digestive physiologist Pavlov rang a bell, he could get a dog to salivate because
he had trained the dog that following the bell, food would be delivered. This action can be described as
an example of a(n): (A) extrinsic control of a negative feedback mechanism, (B) extrinsic control
of a feedforward mechanism , (C) intrinsic control of a negative feedback mechanism, (D) intrinsic
control of a feedforward mechanism, (E) intrinsic control of a positive feedback mechanism.
3. _______ True or False. The lamina propria is simply the name for the areolar connective tissue found
in mucous membranes.
4. ______ The majority of the heart’s wall is composed of a layer of cardiac muscle called the:
(A) pericardium, (B) mesometrium, (C) mesocardium, (D) myocardium, (E) epicardium
5. _____ Which of the following is false with regard to the internal lining of the heart chambers?
(A) it is classified as a mucous membrane, (B) it is most superficially lined with simple squamous
epithelial cells,
(C) it is known as the endocardium, (D) its most superficial lining is known as the
endothelium, (E) none of the above, these are all true with regard to the internal lining of the heart.
6. ________ True or False. Overall, arteries and veins are differentiated by the fact that arteries carry
oxygenated blood whereas veins carry deoxygenated blood.
7. ________ True or False. Blood ejected from the left ventricle is bound for the lungs.
8. ________ The bicuspid valve is also known as: (list all that apply) (A) the right atrioventricular
valve, (B) the pulmonary valve, (C) a semilunar valve, (D) the mitral valve, (E) the left
atrioventricular valve.
9. ______The blood pressure in the pulmonary trunk is _?_ that in the aorta.
(A) less than,
(B) more than,
(C) the same as,
(D) highly variable and can’t be compared to
10. ________ True or False. The volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle should be the same as the
volume ejected by the right ventricle.
11. _______ The chordae tendineae: (A) form the structural supports for the interventricular septum,
(B) help keep the ventricles from collapsing, (C) are attached to papillary muscles,
(D) conduct
electrical impulses to the ventricles, (E) keeps the electrical impulses of the atria separate from that of
the ventricles.
12. _______ If the aortic valve in the heart was damaged, such that it failed to close properly:
(A) blood would accumulate in the left ventricle, (B) there would be a back flow of blood into the
right ventricle, (C) the blood pressure of the aorta would be increased, (D) blood pressure would
increase in the lungs, (E) the right side of the heart would enlarge.
13. ________ The action potential of contractile cardiac muscle fibers lasts approximately as long as:
(A) an autorhythmic cardiac muscle fiber’s action potential,
(B) a contractile cardiac muscle fiber
contraction,
(C) a neuron’s action potential,
(D) all of the above,
(E) none of the above.
14. ________ Approximately what percentage of cardiac muscle fibers can produce their own action
potentials, i.e., are autorhythmic fibers? (A) 100%, (B) 50%, (C) 10%,
(D) 1%, (E) none of
the above, no cardiac muscle fibers are autorhythmic.
15. ________________ Starting from a point within the right brachial (arm) vein, a red blood cell will
travel through the following vessels and chambers, in what order? (not all components are listed)
(A) left atrium, (B) superior vena cava, (C) right ventricle,
(D) pulmonary vein,
(E) aorta
16. ______ The sinoatrial node, without external stimuli, will fire at a rate of approximately _?_ beats per
minute. (A) 120, (B) 100, (C) 60-80, (D) 40, (E) 0, there is no beating without external stimuli
17. ________________ Place the following electrical conducting tissues of the heart in the correct order.
(A) atrioventricular node,
(B) Purkinje fibers,
(C) bundle branches,
(D) bundle of His,
(E) sinoatrial node.
18. ________ True or False. The valve between the inferior and superior venae cavae and the atrium
closes during atrial contraction.
19. ________ In a normal functioning heart the atria contract _?_ the ventricles contract.
(A) at a faster rate than,
(B) at a slower rate than,
(C) at the same frequency as,
(D) at the same time as,
(E) C & D
20. With regard to the heart sounds, the “lub” (1st sound) is produced by the ______, and the “dup” (2nd
sound) is produced by the _______.
(A) vacuum created by ejecting the blood, (B) opening of the semilunar valves, (C) closing of
pulmonary and aortic valves, (D) closing of the atrioventricular valves, (E) contraction of the aorta.
21. Label the deviations on the ECG below and place the following labels (the letters) at their
appropriate locations along the ECG (show whether the following “items” are at a pt. or over a range).
(A) dup (2nd heart sound), (B) passive ventricular filling, (C) isovolumetric (ventricular)
contraction,
(D) the opening of semilunar valves,
(E) the closing of atrioventricular valves
22. ________ If scar tissue blocks the electrical conduction between the sinoatrial node and
atrioventricular node, the ventricles will: (A) contract at a faster rate than the atria,
(B) contract
in synchrony with the atria,
(C) contract less frequently than the atria, (D) will not contract.
23. ________ Which of the following is not true of cardiac muscle?
(A) the cells have 1 or 2 nuclei, (B) the cells are connected by intercalated discs, (C) it is striated,
(D) the cells are interconnected by many gap junctions, (E) all of the above are true of cardiac muscle
24. _______ The hole connecting the right and left atria in utero (during fetal development) is called the:
(A) atrial foramen,
(B) papillary foramen,
(C) foramen pulmonar,
(D) foramen ovale,
(E) anus foramis
25. What are the two equations for determining stroke volume? (hint, see next question)
26. What equation have we learned for determining cardiac output?
27. ______________ What is the stroke volume of a patient with an end systolic volume of 70 mL and an
end diastolic volume of 142 mL? include units. (show your equation below)
28. ______________ What is the average stroke volume of a patient with a cardiac output of 4.9 L/min
and a heart rate of 70 beats/min? include units. (show your equation below)
29. ______________ What is the cardiac output of a patient with a stroke volume of 75 mL and a heart
rate of 85 beats/min? include units. (show your equation below)
30. _________ According to the Frank-Starling law, when the heart receives a greater blood volume:
(A) it will pump weakly to continue to produce the original stroke volume,
(B) it will pump at the
original strength to increase stroke volume, (C) it will increase the strength of the pump and increase
stroke volume, (D) none of the above, the heart can not suddenly receive a greater blood volume.
31. ________ True or False. High systemic levels of epinephrine lead to a large increase in cardiac output
by speeding up the heart rate and increasing stroke volume by improving myocardial contractility and
by enlarging the end diastolic volume through higher venous return.
32. Insert typical, healthy approximate values for the following characteristics (assume ~150 lb, 25 y.o.)
include units.
Stroke Volumerest _______________
Heart Raterest ______________
COrest _______________
HRmax ________________
COmax ________________
Blood Volume ______________

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