SDSU Biology Human Physiology Question

Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
Started: May 25 at 11:30am
Quiz Instructions
This portion of Test 4 is available during our lecture Wednesday May 25 (Noon-145PM). This portion of the test is worth 100 points.
You will have 50 minutes to complete the 100 multiple choice questions. You have one attempt at the test.
Question 1
1 pts
The _____ make up a capillary bed which surrounds the tubules of the nephron
afferent arterioles
efferent arterioles
glomerulus
peritubular capillaries
Question 2
1 pts
The chloride shift moves bicarbonate ions
out of the erythrocytes.
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into and out of the erythrocytes.
out of the erythrocytes.
into metabolically active cells
Question 3
1 pts
The vasa recta
reabsorb water
are capillaries which dip into the medulla and reabsorbs water.
secrete solutes
are capillaries which dip into the medulla and secrete solutes..
Question 4
1 pts
_____ is the process of moving substances from the filtrate into the blood.
Filtration
Reabsorption
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Excretion
Secretion
Question 5
1 pts
Carbonic anhydrase
binds carbon dioxide to hemoglobin.
is responsible for the chloride shift.
promotes the rapid production of bicarbonate ions.
is an enzyme of cellular respirtation.
Question 6
1 pts
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The conversion of bicarbonate to carbon dioxide and water is catalyzed by
carbonic anhydrase
hemoglobin
2,3 BPG
Question 7
1 pts
___ is the ion most commonly linked to secondary active transport during reabsorption in a nephron.
Na+
Cl–
K+
Question 8
1 pts
The oxygen partial pressure of arterial blood is typically near
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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46 mm Hg
95 mm Hg.
720 mm Hg
40 mm Hg.
Question 9
1 pts
Renin converts angiotensinogen into
aldosterone
angiotensin II
angiotensin I
testosterone
Question 10
1 pts
In the kidney, _____ is the movement of fluid from the blood into the lumen of the nephron.
secretion
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filtration
reabsorption
excretion
Question 11
1 pts
The ____ is a hairpin-shaped segment of the nephron which dips into the medulla and back to the cortex of the
kidney.
distal tubule
loop of the nephron
proximal convoluted tubule
collecting duct
Question 12
1 pts
An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid (ECF) results in
water moving into the cells and cells swelling.
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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water moving out of the cells and cells swelling.
water moving out of the cells and cells shrinking.
water moving into the cells and cells shrinking.
Question 13
1 pts
____ not expected to be found in normal urine.
Xenobiotics are
Bicarbonate is
Metabolic wastes are
Glucose is
Question 14
1 pts
____ states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted by the
individual gases.
Boyle’s law
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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The Ideal Gas Law
Dalton’s law
Poiseuille’s law
Question 15
1 pts
A shift of the oxygen dissociation curve to the right
promotes the release of oxygen.
promotes the loading of oxygen to hemoglobin
Question 16
1 pts
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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Venous blood pH is normally
acidic
7.0
slightly lower than arterial blood pH
acidic and lower than arterial blood
Question 17
1 pts
Angiotensin-converting enzyme converts
renin into angiotensin I
angiotensin II into angiotensin I
angiotensin I into angiotensin II
angiotensin I into angiotensinogen
Question 18
1 pts
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Bulk flow takes place from
regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure.
regions of equal pressure
regions of lower pressure to regions of higher pressure.
Question 19
1 pts
Water is lost in
urine, feces, and sweat.
urine, feces, sweat and expired air.
urine, sweat, and expired air.
urine and sweat.
Question 20
1 pts
The maximum amount of air you can exhale at the end of a normal exhalation is the
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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vital capacity
total lung volume
expiratory reserve volume
residual volume
Question 21
1 pts
Filtrate leaving the proximal tubule has _____ osmolarity as the filtrate which entered.
the same
higher
lower
Question 22
1 pts
Transport maximum of a solute is is the transport rate of a substance at
saturation
competition
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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specificity
Question 23
1 pts
Increasing the carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) leads to ____ of the pulmonary arteries.
vasoconstriction
no change in the diameter
vasodilation
Question 24
1 pts
_______ promote a shift to the left of the oxygen dissociation curve.
Both decreasing pH and carbon dioxide levels
Both increasing pH and decreasing carbon dioxide levels
Both decreasing pH and increasing carbon dioxide levels
Both increasing pH and carbon dioxide levels
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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Question 25
1 pts
Alveolar pressure at the end of inspiration is ________ atmospheric pressure.
less than
equal to
greater than
Question 26
1 pts
Hydrostatic pressure of the pertitubular capillaries is ____ hydrostatic pressure of the glomerular capillaries.
equal to
lower than
higher than
Question 27
1 pts
Decreasing resistance ____ flow.
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increases
has no affect on
decreases
Question 28
1 pts
____ moves bicarbonate ions into and out of the erythrocytes.
Carbonic anhydrase
2, 3 BPG
Hemoglobin
The chloride shift
Question 29
1 pts
____ is secreted by the granular cells in the afferent arterioles of a nephron.
Angiotensinogen
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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Renin
Angiotensin I
Question 30
1 pts
_____ is an elevated concentration of carbon dioxide.
Hyperkalemia
Hypoxia
Hypertonic
Hypercapnia
Question 31
1 pts
The granular cells are
modified cells of the afferent arteriole, secrete renin, and a component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
a component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
secrete renin
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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modified cells of the afferent arteriole and a component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
Question 32
1 pts
The exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs is
cellular respiration
transport
anaerobic respiration
ventilation
Question 33
1 pts
Decreasing the pressure gradient ____ flow.
decreases
has no affect on
increases
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Question 34
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1 pts
Angiotensin II
decreases thirst
increases thrist
has no effect on thirst.
Question 35
1 pts
The ___ is the functional unit of the kidney.
vas recta
afferent arteriole
nephron
efferent arteriole
Question 36
1 pts
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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The vasa recta
are capillaries in the medulla which surround the glomerulus
surround the glomerulus
are capillaries in the medulla.
are kidney cells that produce renin.
Question 37
1 pts
The primary function of the ____ is isosmotic reabsorption of solutes and water.
distal tubule
proximal convoluted tubule
loop of the nephron
collecting duct
Question 38
1 pts
Decreasing the carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) leads to ____ of the pulmonary arteries.
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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no change of diameter
vasodilation
vasoconstriction
Question 39
1 pts
Excretion is equal to
filtration plus reabsorption plus secretion
filtration minus reabsorption plus secretion
filtration plus reabsorption minus secretion
filtration minus reabsorption minus secretion
Question 40
1 pts
____ is defined as low oxygen levels.
Hypoxia
Hypokalemia
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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Hypotonic
Hypercapnia
Question 41
1 pts
Bulk flow takes place from
regions of equal pressure
regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure.
regions of lower pressure to regions of higher pressure.
Question 42
1 pts
____ is the major hormone controlling water reabsorption.
Angiotensin II
Aldosterone
Vasopressin
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Question 43
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1 pts
Arterial pH is normally
close to 7.4
lower than venous pH.
acidic and lower than venous pH
acidic
Question 44
1 pts
The conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II is affected by
release of angiotensinogen, release of renin, and decreased blood pressure
decreased blood pressure
release of renin by the kidney
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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release of angiotensinogen by the liver
Question 45
1 pts
____ represents the maximum amount of air which can be voluntarily moved into or out of the respiratory system
with one breath.
Total lung capacity
Inspiratory capacity
Vital capacity
Functional residual capacity
Question 46
1 pts
The filtrate is _____
considered to be part of the body’s external environment
all returned to the body during processing in the nephron.
full of protein and cells.
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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Question 47
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1 pts
Flow is _____ to the pressure gradient.
directly proportional to
not affected by
inversely proportional to
Question 48
1 pts
A physiological response to increased blood volume includes
increased secretion of renin
increased sympathetic output
increased thirst
decreased vasopressin release
vasoconstriction
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Question 49
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1 pts
The nephron modifies fluid
volume and osmolarity
excretion
volume
osmolarity
Question 50
1 pts
Pulmonary edema
increases diffusion distance and slows gas exchange.
slows gas exchange
increases diffusion distance
increases diffusion distance and gas solubility while decreasing gas exchange.
Question 51
1 pts
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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Carbon dioxide solubility is _____ to oxygen solubility in plasma.
more variable than
less than
equal to
greater than
Question 52
1 pts
If the pressure of a gas increases, the volume
increases
stays the same.
decreases
Question 53
1 pts
The ____release paracrines which affect afferent arteriole diameter.
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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mesangial cells
podocytes
macula densa cells
granular cells
Question 54
1 pts
The functions of the respiratory system include
homeostatic regulation of body pH.
homeostatic regulation of body pH, protection from inhaled pathogens and irritants, and exchanging gases between the
atmosphere and the blood.
exchanging gases between the atmosphere and the blood
protection from inhaled pathogens and irritants.
Question 55
1 pts
If the volume of a gas increases, the pressure
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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decreases
increases
does not change.
Question 56
1 pts
The hollow ball-like structure which surrounds the glomerulus is the
Bowman’s capsule
loop of the nephron
proximal convoluted tubule
distal tubule
Question 57
1 pts
Gases move passively
down partial pressure gradients
against partial pressure gradients
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without being influenced by partial gradients.
Question 58
1 pts
______ respiration is the intracellular reaction of oxygen with organic molecules to produce carbon dioxide, water
and energy in the form of ATP.
Cellular
Aerobic
External
Anaerobic
Question 59
1 pts
___ is the major ion involved in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume and osmolarity.
Bicarbonate
Calcium
Sodium
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Potassium
Question 60
1 pts
In exchange between the lung and the blood,
oxygen and carbon dioxide move together in bulk flow.
oxygen and carbon dioxide follow the overall pressure gradient.
oxygen leaves and carbon dioxide enters the blood.
oxygen and carbon dioxide follow their partial pressure gradients.
Question 61
1 pts
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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Filtration occurs in the ____ of the nephron.
proximal tubule
capsule of the nephron
distal tubule
loop of the nephron
Question 62
1 pts
The primary difference between air flow in the respiratory system and blood flow in the circulatory system is air is
moved from low to high pressure.
a compressible gas.
a compressible gas and not influenced by resistance in tubes.
not influenced by resistance in tubes.
Question 63
1 pts
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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Angiotensin II ____ proximal tubule sodium reabsorption.
increases
decreases
has no effect on
Question 64
1 pts
The ____ are long peritubular capillaries which dip into the medulla
afferent artioles
efferent arterioles
vasa recta
glomerulus
Question 65
1 pts
Flow occurs because of _____ between two points.
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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sensors monitoring differences
protein interactions
an energy gradient
Question 66
1 pts
If the pressure of a gas decreases, the volume
decreases
increases
stays the same.
Question 67
1 pts
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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Decreasing the oxygen partial pressure (PO2) leads to ____ of the pulmonary arteries.
vasodilation
no change in the diameter
vasoconstriction
Question 68
1 pts
The final osmolarity of urine is established in the
Bowman’s capsule
collecting duct
loop of the nephron
proximal convoluted tubule
Question 69
1 pts
The conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions occurs in the
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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plasma and erthrocytes.
erythrocytes.
plasma.
Question 70
1 pts
____ ions are involved in exocytosis, muscle contraction and blood clotting.
Carbonate
Sodium
Calcium
Potassium
Question 71
1 pts
If the afferent arteriole dilates, Glomerular Filtration Rate will _____.
decrease.
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stay the same.
increase.
Question 72
1 pts
Carbon dioxide is transported
bound to hemoglobin
as bicarbonate, dissolved in the plasma and attached to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
dissolved in plasma
as bicarbonate
Question 73
1 pts
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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Angiotensin II ____ vasopressin secretion.
has no effect on
increases
decreases
Question 74
1 pts
_______ the binding of oxygen and hemoglobin.
Carbon dioxide partial pressure and pH both affect
The acidity of plasma affects
Temperature does not affect
Temperature, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and pH all affect
Question 75
1 pts
Surfactant
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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prevent water loss from the lungs.
aid lungs as they expand.
remove solutes from the lungs
aid lungs as they expand, remove solutes from the lungs and prevent water loss from the lungs.
Question 76
1 pts
The filtration slits are formed by ____ of the capsule of the nephron.
glucose-sodium cotransport proteins
P-cells
aquaporins
podocytes
Question 77
1 pts
When the chest volume decreases, air
flows out of the respiratory system.
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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flows into the respiratory system
does not move between the environment and the respiratory system.
Question 78
1 pts
Increasing the oxygen partial pressure (PO2) leads to ____ of the pulmonary arteries.
vasoconstriction
no change in the diameter
vasodilation
Question 79
1 pts
If the pressure of a gas increases, the volume
stays the same.
increases
decreases
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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Question 80
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1 pts
Resistance to air flow is primarily influenced by
the length of the tubes through which the air is flowing.
the viscosity of the air flowing through the tubes.
the diameter of the tubes through which the air is flowing.
Question 81
1 pts
A shift of the oxygen dissociation curve to the left promotes
loading of oxygen.
release of oxygen.
Question 82
1 pts
The slower adjustment to fluid and electrolyte balance are made by the
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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cardiovascular system
nervous
lungs
kidneys
Question 83
1 pts
_____ is a potent vasoconstrictor.
Angiotensin II
Prostaglandin
Vasopressin
Renin
Question 84
1 pts
Oxygen is transported in blood
dissolved in the plasma and attached to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
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dissolved in the plasma
as bicarbonate.
attached to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Question 85
1 pts
Homeostatic processes require
target organs or tissues
a sensor and regulated variable
a regulated variable, a sensor, a control center, and target organs or tissues.
a control center
Question 86
1 pts
Aldosterone secretion is stimulated by
low extracellular potassium concentration
high plasma glucose.
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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low blood pressure
high blood pressure
Question 87
1 pts
The ____ is the sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and residual
volume.
total lung capacity
functional residual capacity
inspiratory capacity
vital capacity
Question 88
1 pts
____ ions are closely regulated.
Sodium, potassium, and calcium
Calcium
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Potassium
Sodium
Question 89
1 pts
When the chest volume decreases, alveolar pressure
does not change.
rises
falls.
Question 90
1 pts
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In the transport of gases in the blood, carbon dioxide and oxygen move by
bulk flow
their concentration gradients.
their partial pressure gradients.
their electrochemical gradients
Question 91
1 pts
Carbonic anhydrase is found in the
plasma
erythrocytes.
plasma and erythrocytes
Question 92
1 pts
The maximum amount of air you can inspire at the end of a normal inspiration is the
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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inspiratory capacity
tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume
total lung volume
Question 93
1 pts
The macula densa
sense distal tubule flow and release paracrine signals which affect renal arteriole diameter.
release paracrine signals
sense distal tubule flow
affect renal arteriole diameter
Question 94
1 pts
____ changes to a regulated variable will result in a physiological response.
A substantial
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Quiz: Multiple Choice Portion Test 4
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All
No
Question 95
1 pts
The volume of filtrate leaving the loop of the nephron is _____ the volume of filtrate entering the loop.
less than
equal to
greater than
Question 96
1 pts
The muscular pump of the respiratory system creates ____ gradients.
concentration
pressure
electrochemical
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Question 97
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1 pts
At the end of inspiration, lung volume is
moving between maximum and minimum.
at its maximum.
at its minimum.
Question 98
1 pts
Angiotensin II is a
minimal vasodilator
potent vasodilator
potent vasoconstrictor
minimal vasoconstrictor
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Question 99
1 pts
There is resistance to flow in ____ systems.
many
all
some
no
Question 100
1 pts
The conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions is catalyzed by
2,3 BPG
hemoglobin
carbonic anhydrase
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1. List the core concepts we discussed in class. How do these compare to the four themes of
physiology identified by your textbook author in chapter 1?
2. Explain and provide examples of specificity, competition, and saturation in proteins.
3. Compare osmolarity and tonicity.
4. Compare diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport.
5. Compare the general sequence of events that follow lipophilic and lipophobic signal
molecule binding to receptors.
6. Describe in detail how baroreceptor reflex demonstrates the core concept of homeostasis.
7. Explain how the Starling forces regulate bulk flow in the capillaries using the core
concept of flow-down-gradients.
8. Explain the sliding filament theory of contraction.
9. Explain the Frank-Starling law of the heart.
10. Describe the conductions of electrical signals through the heart.
11. Describe the parts of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and explain how these electrical
events are related to the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle.
12. Compare the structure and functions of the major regions of the nephron.
13. Discuss the effect of renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone on blood pressure. (Be
thorough, specific, and accurate).
14. Explain how the vertical concentration gradient in the medulla and the concentration of
vasopressin influences the volume and osmolarity of urine produced.
15. Explain the four stages of external respiration and identify the gradients (driving force)
and resistance of each stage.
16. Compare tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume, residual
volume, vital capacity, total lung capacity, inspiratory capacity, and functional residual
capacity. List the average values for each volume and capacity.
17. Discuss how changes in temperature, PCO2, pH and 2,3 DPG concentration shift the
oxygen dissociation curve.
18. Compare the synthesis, storage transport of location of receptors and cellular mechanism
of action of catecholamine and steroid hormones.
19. Compare the synthesis, storage transport of location of receptors and cellular mechanism
of action thyroid and peptide hormones.
20. Compare the synthesis, storage transport of location of receptors and cellular mechanism
of action peptide and steroid hormones.
21. Discuss the role of the Na+K+ pump in maintaining the membrane potential of a cell.
22. Compare the terms depolarization, hyperpolarization, and repolarization.
23. Compare graded and action potentials.
24. Discuss the role of Na+ and K+ channels in generating an action potential.
25. Compare nicotinic cholinergic, muscarinic cholinergic, and adrenergic receptors.

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