QuestionAnswered step-by-step1 Insulin is used to treat hyperkalemia because it: stimulates…· 1 Insulin is used to treat hyperkalemia because it:· stimulates sodium to be removed from the cell in exchange for potassium. · binds to potassium to remove it through the kidneys. · transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose. · breaks down the chemical components of potassium, causing it to be no longer effective. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 2What is the central component of the pathogenic model of multiple sclerosis?· Myelination of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) · Demyelination of nerve fibers in the CNS · Development of neurofibrillary tangles in the CNS · Inherited autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 3Which of the following ICU sedatives should not be used for greater than 24 hours per the FDA-approved labeling?· Midazolam (Versed) · Diazepam (Valium) · Dexmedetomidine (Precedex) · Propofol (Diprivan) · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 4What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene?· Coagulative · Liquefactive · Caseous · Coagulative · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 5In the absence of susceptibility data for an acute infection, the choice of an antimicrobial drug is mostly influenced by· the site of infection and the patient’s history. · the sensitivity report and the colony count. · the source of the infection and the color of exudate. · the host defense mechanism and the immune response. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 6Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?· Obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation. · Respiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging. · Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens. · Pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 7What medical term is used to identify an inflammatory disorder of the skin that is often considered synonymous with dermatitis and characterized by pruritus with lesions that have an indistinct border?· Eczema · Psoriasis · Atopic dermatitis · Pityriasis rosea · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 8Identify whether the description of the skin lesion matches the disorder where it is found. (Select True or False) Elevated, firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter: Wart (verruca) or lichen planus· True · False · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 9Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory· atrophy. · metaplasia. · hyperplasia. · dysplasia. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 10Identify whether the description matches the disorder. (Select True or False) Abnormal dilation of the vein within the spermatic cord – Varicocele· True · False · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 11The risk of which cancer is greater if the man has a history of cryptorchidism?· Penile · Testicular · Prostate · Epididymal · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 12Which substance is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure?· Iron · Erythropoietin · Cobalamin (vitamin B12) · Folate · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 13Diabetes insipidus is a result of:· antidiuretic hormone hyposecretion. · antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion. · insulin hyposecretion. · insulin hypersecretion. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 14Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by:· reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces. · increasing the resistance to insulin by cells. · obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas. · stimulating the liver to increase glucose production. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 15Which statement best describes Raynaud’s disease?· Inflammatory disorder of small- and medium-sized arteries in the feet and sometimes in the hands · Neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities · Vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers and, less commonly, of the toes · Autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 16What is the medical term for a fungal infection of the nail plate?· Paronychia · Onychomycosis · Tinea corporis · Tinea capitis · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 17Which proton-pump inhibitor should be avoided in a patient taking clopidogrel?· Omeprazole · Lansoprazole · Pantoprazole · Rabeprazole · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 18All of the following are important considerations when prescribing metronidazole except?· Instruct patient to avoid alcohol intake during therapy · Can lead to development of C. difficile infection · Monitor INR closely due a DDI with warfarin · Dose adjustments should be made in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 19Which clinical manifestations of a urinary tract infection may be demonstrated in an 85-year-old individual?· Confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort · Dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain · Hematuria and flank pain · Pyuria, urgency, and frequency · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 20Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct?· Antidiuretic hormone · Aldosterone · Cortisol · Adrenocorticotropin hormone · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 21All of the following are true regarding antiepileptics except:· Carbamazepine and phenytoin have numerous drug-drug interactions. · They are safe to use during pregnancy. · Therapeutic drug monitoring is often required to ensure therapeutic drug levels. · Phenytoin is a highly protein-bound drug. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 22Alpha1 adrenergic stimulation causes:· bronchial constriction · vascular constriction. · constriction of intestinal smooth muscle. · relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 23Losartan (Cozaar) lowers the blood pressure by:· blocking calcium channels in the heart and blood vessels. · directly dilating arterioles without affecting veins. · suppressing the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme. · blocking angiotensin II at its receptors. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 24One major reason to discontinue captopril (Capoten), an ACE inhibitor, is:· hypertension. · hypokalemia. · angioedema. · angina. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 25Which of the following drugs works via antagonism of 5-HT (serotonin) receptors in the GI tract?· Ondansetron · Droperidol · Prochlorperazine · Aprepitant · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 26After a person has a subtotal gastrectomy for chronic gastritis, which type of anemia will result?· Iron deficiency · Aplastic · Folic acid · Pernicious · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 27Orthostatic hypotension refers to a decrease of at least ___ mmHg in systolic blood pressure or a decrease of at least _____ mmHg in diastolic blood pressure within 3 minutes of moving to a standing position.· 10; 5 · 20; 10 · 30; 15 · 40; 20 · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 28Cell wall inhibitors include all of the following except· penicillins. · cephalosporins. · carbapenems. · tetracylclines. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 29Which of the following agents is considered a histamine receptor antagonist?· Maalox · Protonix · Zantac · Tums · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 30Which of the following drugs is most likely to reduce the effectiveness of levofloxacin (Levaquin) when given concomitantly?· Amiodarone (Cordarone) · Metronidazole (Flagyl) · Calcium carbonate (Tums) · Warfarin (Coumadin) · Question Points: 0.0 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 31Which stage of infection is occurring when the immune and inflammatory responses are triggered?· Incubation period · Prodromal stage · Invasion period · Convalescence · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 32Which of the following is an advantage of the intravenous route of administration?· Reduced bioavailability · Avoidance of first-pass metabolism · Patient convenience · None of the above are advantages · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 33Which of the following antifungal agents is known to cause significant nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity?· Caspofungin · Fluconazole · Amphotericin B · Nystatin · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 34Which NSAID is generally considered the safest for use in patients with coronary artery disease?· Celecoxib · Indomethacin · Naproxen · Acetaminophen · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 35An example of a beta agonist is:· Atenolol (Tenormin) · Clonidine (Catapres) · Isoproterenol (Isuprel) · Amlodipine (Norvasc) · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 36Which of the following agents is a potent vasoconstrictor that can be used to manage acute GI bleeding?· Octreotide · Milrinone · Pantoprazole · Cimetidine · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 37What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture?· Idiopathic · Incomplete · Pathologic · Greenstick · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 38A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which form of heart failure may result from pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance?· Right heart failure · Left heart failure · Low-output failure · High-output failure · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 39Your patient is taking carbamazepine, a CYP3A4 substrate, for his seizure disorder. He is experiencing signs of depression and decides to try St. John’s wort, which he purchased over-the-counter at the local pharmacy. Since St. John’s wort is a CYP3A4 inducer, which of the following may occur?· The patient may have an increased risk for seizure. · The patient may have an increased risk of carbamazepine-related toxicities. · The patient may need an increased dose of St. John’s wort. · No clinically-significant drug-drug interaction is likely to occur. · Question Points: 0.0 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 40Advair (fluticasone/salmeterol) is a combination of which of the following?· Short-acting beta agonist and corticosteroid · Long-acting beta agonist and corticosteroid · Long-acting beta agonist and antihistamine · Short-acting beta agonist and antihistamine · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 41Which of the following is true regarding adverse drug events?· They include medication errors, adverse effects, allergic reactions, and idiosyncratic reactions. · They are rarely preventable. · They are infrequent in the inpatient setting. · They are generally over-reported. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 42The function of arachnoid villi is to:· produce cerebrospinal fluid. · provide nutrients to the choroid plexuses. · transmit impulses within the meninges. · absorb cerebrospinal fluid into the cerebral venous sinuses. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 43The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances?· Parathyroid hormone, ADH, and vitamin D · Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D · Thyroid hormone, ADH, and vitamin D · Thyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 44The major therapeutic actions of NSAIDS include all of the following except· reduction of inflammation. · reduction of pain. · reduction of fever. · · 1 Insulin is used to treat hyperkalemia because it:· stimulates sodium to be removed from the cell in exchange for potassium. · binds to potassium to remove it through the kidneys. · transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose. · breaks down the chemical components of potassium, causing it to be no longer effective. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 2What is the central component of the pathogenic model of multiple sclerosis?· Myelination of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) · Demyelination of nerve fibers in the CNS · Development of neurofibrillary tangles in the CNS · Inherited autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 3Which of the following ICU sedatives should not be used for greater than 24 hours per the FDA-approved labeling?· Midazolam (Versed) · Diazepam (Valium) · Dexmedetomidine (Precedex) · Propofol (Diprivan) · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 4What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene?· Coagulative · Liquefactive · Caseous · Coagulative · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 5In the absence of susceptibility data for an acute infection, the choice of an antimicrobial drug is mostly influenced by· the site of infection and the patient’s history. · the sensitivity report and the colony count. · the source of the infection and the color of exudate. · the host defense mechanism and the immune response. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 6Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?· Obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation. · Respiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging. · Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens. · Pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 7What medical term is used to identify an inflammatory disorder of the skin that is often considered synonymous with dermatitis and characterized by pruritus with lesions that have an indistinct border?· Eczema · Psoriasis · Atopic dermatitis · Pityriasis rosea · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 8Identify whether the description of the skin lesion matches the disorder where it is found. (Select True or False) Elevated, firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter: Wart (verruca) or lichen planus· True · False · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 9Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory· atrophy. · metaplasia. · hyperplasia. · dysplasia. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 10Identify whether the description matches the disorder. (Select True or False) Abnormal dilation of the vein within the spermatic cord – Varicocele· True · False · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 11The risk of which cancer is greater if the man has a history of cryptorchidism?· Penile · Testicular · Prostate · Epididymal · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 12Which substance is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure?· Iron · Erythropoietin · Cobalamin (vitamin B12) · Folate · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 13Diabetes insipidus is a result of:· antidiuretic hormone hyposecretion. · antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion. · insulin hyposecretion. · insulin hypersecretion. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 14Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by:· reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces. · increasing the resistance to insulin by cells. · obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas. · stimulating the liver to increase glucose production. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 15Which statement best describes Raynaud’s disease?· Inflammatory disorder of small- and medium-sized arteries in the feet and sometimes in the hands · Neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities · Vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers and, less commonly, of the toes · Autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 16What is the medical term for a fungal infection of the nail plate?· Paronychia · Onychomycosis · Tinea corporis · Tinea capitis · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 17Which proton-pump inhibitor should be avoided in a patient taking clopidogrel?· Omeprazole · Lansoprazole · Pantoprazole · Rabeprazole · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 18All of the following are important considerations when prescribing metronidazole except?· Instruct patient to avoid alcohol intake during therapy · Can lead to development of C. difficile infection · Monitor INR closely due a DDI with warfarin · Dose adjustments should be made in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 19Which clinical manifestations of a urinary tract infection may be demonstrated in an 85-year-old individual?· Confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort · Dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain · Hematuria and flank pain · Pyuria, urgency, and frequency · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 20Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct?· Antidiuretic hormone · Aldosterone · Cortisol · Adrenocorticotropin hormone · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 21All of the following are true regarding antiepileptics except:· Carbamazepine and phenytoin have numerous drug-drug interactions. · They are safe to use during pregnancy. · Therapeutic drug monitoring is often required to ensure therapeutic drug levels. · Phenytoin is a highly protein-bound drug. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 22Alpha1 adrenergic stimulation causes:· bronchial constriction · vascular constriction. · constriction of intestinal smooth muscle. · relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 23Losartan (Cozaar) lowers the blood pressure by:· blocking calcium channels in the heart and blood vessels. · directly dilating arterioles without affecting veins. · suppressing the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme. · blocking angiotensin II at its receptors. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 24One major reason to discontinue captopril (Capoten), an ACE inhibitor, is:· hypertension. · hypokalemia. · angioedema. · angina. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 25Which of the following drugs works via antagonism of 5-HT (serotonin) receptors in the GI tract?· Ondansetron · Droperidol · Prochlorperazine · Aprepitant · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 26After a person has a subtotal gastrectomy for chronic gastritis, which type of anemia will result?· Iron deficiency · Aplastic · Folic acid · Pernicious · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 27Orthostatic hypotension refers to a decrease of at least ___ mmHg in systolic blood pressure or a decrease of at least _____ mmHg in diastolic blood pressure within 3 minutes of moving to a standing position.· 10; 5 · 20; 10 · 30; 15 · 40; 20 · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 28Cell wall inhibitors include all of the following except· penicillins. · cephalosporins. · carbapenems. · tetracylclines. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 29Which of the following agents is considered a histamine receptor antagonist?· Maalox · Protonix · Zantac · Tums · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 30Which of the following drugs is most likely to reduce the effectiveness of levofloxacin (Levaquin) when given concomitantly?· Amiodarone (Cordarone) · Metronidazole (Flagyl) · Calcium carbonate (Tums) · Warfarin (Coumadin) · Question Points: 0.0 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 31Which stage of infection is occurring when the immune and inflammatory responses are triggered?· Incubation period · Prodromal stage · Invasion period · Convalescence · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 32Which of the following is an advantage of the intravenous route of administration?· Reduced bioavailability · Avoidance of first-pass metabolism · Patient convenience · None of the above are advantages · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 33Which of the following antifungal agents is known to cause significant nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity?· Caspofungin · Fluconazole · Amphotericin B · Nystatin · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 34Which NSAID is generally considered the safest for use in patients with coronary artery disease?· Celecoxib · Indomethacin · Naproxen · Acetaminophen · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 35An example of a beta agonist is:· Atenolol (Tenormin) · Clonidine (Catapres) · Isoproterenol (Isuprel) · Amlodipine (Norvasc) · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 36Which of the following agents is a potent vasoconstrictor that can be used to manage acute GI bleeding?· Octreotide · Milrinone · Pantoprazole · Cimetidine · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 37What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture?· Idiopathic · Incomplete · Pathologic · Greenstick · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 38A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which form of heart failure may result from pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance?· Right heart failure · Left heart failure · Low-output failure · High-output failure · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 39Your patient is taking carbamazepine, a CYP3A4 substrate, for his seizure disorder. He is experiencing signs of depression and decides to try St. John’s wort, which he purchased over-the-counter at the local pharmacy. Since St. John’s wort is a CYP3A4 inducer, which of the following may occur?· The patient may have an increased risk for seizure. · The patient may have an increased risk of carbamazepine-related toxicities. · The patient may need an increased dose of St. John’s wort. · No clinically-significant drug-drug interaction is likely to occur. · Question Points: 0.0 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 40Advair (fluticasone/salmeterol) is a combination of which of the following?· Short-acting beta agonist and corticosteroid · Long-acting beta agonist and corticosteroid · Long-acting beta agonist and antihistamine · Short-acting beta agonist and antihistamine · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 41Which of the following is true regarding adverse drug events?· They include medication errors, adverse effects, allergic reactions, and idiosyncratic reactions. · They are rarely preventable. · They are infrequent in the inpatient setting. · They are generally over-reported. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 42The function of arachnoid villi is to:· produce cerebrospinal fluid. · provide nutrients to the choroid plexuses. · transmit impulses within the meninges. · absorb cerebrospinal fluid into the cerebral venous sinuses. · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 43The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances?· Parathyroid hormone, ADH, and vitamin D · Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D · Thyroid hormone, ADH, and vitamin D · Thyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D · Question Points: 1.5 / 1.5 · Instructor Feedback: · 44The major therapeutic actions of NSAIDS include all of the following except· reduction of inflammation. · reduction of pain. · reduction of fever. · Health ScienceScienceNursingShare Question
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